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Tyre Ratings & Best Tyres for Road Use — With Real Vehicle Examples

1. Tyre Ratings: What to Look For These ratings appear on the tyre sidewall and help you judge quality, safety, and performance. Treadwear Rating This tells you how long a tyre is likely to last. The higher the number, the longer it should last. A treadwear of 400 means the tyre will last about 4 times longer than a baseline test tyre. Traction Rating This shows how well the tyre grips on wet roads. The grades are: AA (excellent), A (good), B (moderate), and C (poor). Temperature Rating This tells you how well the tyre resists heat. High heat resistance means the tyre won’t overheat and burst at high speeds. Grades: A (best), B, and C. Load Index This number shows how much weight one tyre can safely carry. You must match this to your vehicle's weight class. Speed Rating This tells you the maximum speed the tyre can handle safely. For example, H = 210 km/h, T = 190 km/h, etc. 2. Best Tyres for Personal Vehicles (By Model) a. Toyota Corolla / Honda Civic Recommended Tyre: Michelin Pr...
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Working Principle of Disc brake system.

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Components

1. Wheel Hub: The disc rotor is attached to the wheel hub and it rotates with it. The wheel of the vehicle is bolted to the wheel hub.

2. Caliper Assembly:

The caliper assembly consist of

(i) Brake pad: It makes contact with the rotor disc and due to the friction between the brake pad and rotor disc the vehicle speed reduces and it stops.
(ii) Caliper bracket
(iii) Caliper frame
(iv) Piston: It applies the brake force on the brake pads when brake lever is pressed.
(v) Slider pin: It is the sliding pin which slides in the hole when brake is applied.
(vi) Dust boots: It prevents the entry of dust into the caliper pin or slider pin hole.

3. Disc Rotor: It is the rotating part of disc brake. When brakes are applied, a lot of heat is generated which can decrease the braking efficiency, so the rotor has drilled vent holes on it which dissipates the heat.

Working Principle

The working of a disc brake is based on Pascal law.


When the brake pedal is pressed, the high pressure fluid from the master cylinder pushes the piston outward.

  • The piston pushes the brake pad against the rotating disc.
  • As the inner brake pad touches rotor, the fluid pressure exerts further force and
    the caliper moves inward and pulls the outward brake pad towards the rotating disc and it touches the disc.
  • Now both the brake pads are pushes the rotating disc, a large amount of friction is generated in between the pads and rotating disc and slows down the vehicle and finally let it stop.
  • When the brake pad is released, the piston moves inward, the brake pad moves away from the rotating disc. And the vehicle again starts to move

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